P2 TV

 Television: industries and audiences

Publicly owned TV channel - Public service funded by License Fee & Government 

Commercial TV channel Convergence - Funded through advertisements 

Watershed - The watershed means the time when TV programmes which might be unsuitable for children can be broadcast.

Segmented - Social media segmentation is breaking down your audience demographics within and between different social media platforms.

Mainstream - Traditional or established broadcasting or publishing outlets.

self-regulating - Not regulated by outside bodies

Franchise - license from company of a product to use format/show/ideas

Channel-surfing - changing frequently from one program to another on a televisions, watching each one for only a short time  

PSB - Public service broadcasting 

TV License - A TV Licence is a legal permission to install or use television

Scheduling - deciding which shows to watch at which times 

Conglomerate - a company that owns several smaller businesses whose products are usually very different 

Research Task

1) TV was introduced in 1930's 

2) There were 3 channels in 1965

3) ITV started in 1955 and its different because it was commercial 

4) Channel 3, Channel 4, Channel 5, S4C, BBC 

5)

6)

7) Only three channels were available 

20th September 2021

Television Industries: Ownership and regulation  

How many TV channels were there in 1964?   3 

Name the TV channels? ITV, BBC1, BBC2

List two features of TV in the 1960s? ENTERTAIN, EDUCATE 

What s the difference between and publicly owned TV Channel and commercial TV Channel? Commercial is funded through ads and publicly owned is funded through government

What does Ofcom do? Regulates TV

Ofcom regulates TV and they can fine broadcasters.

BBCs Mission -

Our mission is "to act in the public interest, serving all audiences through the provision of impartial, high-quality and distinctive output and services which inform, educate and entertain.

Commercial Channels - 

PSB CHARACTERISTIC                                       PROGRAMME   CHANNEL 

High Quality Content                                               Blue Planet            BBC                                                              

Innovative & Challenging content                           My Pride              ITV

Stimulating knowledge and learning                        The Chase            Channel 4

Informing the public                                                 ITV news             ITV

Original, British-made                                              Love island          ITV

Reflecting the UK's cultural identity                        Love island          ITV

Representing diversity and alternate viewpoints     Love island           ITV

Distinctive programming                                         Love island          ITV

Monday 27th September 2021

TV Audiences 

How can we watch TV?

- Streaming it online 

- Through TV channels 

- Paid for Subscriptions

The majority  of audiences still watch live TV, 85% of people still watch PSB channels 

An active audience interacts with the media text and makes up their own decisions. 

A passive audience are easily influenced and don't question an messages conveyed  

Audiences are much more active now than in the 1960's because there are much more chances for you to interact with the content.

Barb - Broadcasters Audience 

Serial TV drama

- Broken into a series as episodes 

Sub-Genres 

Crime Drama - vigil 

Period Drama - 

Teen Drama - teen wolf

Medical Drama - greys anatomy 

Science Fiction Drama - star trek

Fantasy Drama - game of thrones 

Political Drama - house of cards  

Monday 4th September 2021

The 1960's

BBC, ITV

Because there was no other streaming devices and there were only 3 channels so the whole population was watching them three channels.

1961-

John F. Kennedy was elected

Berlin wall was built  

The anti-baby pill

Cuban missile crisis 

John F. Kennedy died

The Beatles 

-1965

Key contextual areas 

The Cold War: a war between America and Russia but never happened 

Espionage: Both sides the the cold war used ESPIONAGE as a way of finding out what the other side was doing and as a way to plant false information. 

Fear of nuclear war: Fear that nuclear war was going to break out and destroy the world 

Monday 11th October 2021

The avengers 1965

Name a political event from the mid 1960's? J.F.K was elected 

How was society changing in the 1960's? Gradually becoming more equal 

Name a band in the 1960's? The Beatles

What was the cold war? Rivalry between USA and Soviet Union (But never happened)

1) ITV

2)

3) 1961

4) 6

5) 

6) £2 Million Budget 

Documentary 

1) It was an action/spy movie

2) It never showed any sort of blood

3) It was a very popular show for its time 

4) there were many female protagonists  

5) It started with no color but then gained color over time 

Question 8

Better/Improved production values, Editing, Filing on location, bigger and better cast.   

Question 9

Monday 18th October 2021 

The Town Of No Return

The Narrative -

Starts off with mysterious arrival near coast, they the go to an inn somewhere where they spend the night. They then find out something suspicious about little bazeley, It was filled with imposters and killers who killed that one fat bloke and the overseer 

The Characters -

Mr Smallwood

Landlord/Piggy Warren 

 Fisherman

Jill Matterson/Headteacher 

Mark Brandon 

How the episode shows the social and cultural context -

Audience Appeal -

Monday 1st November 2021

The Avengers: The town of no return 

L/O: To explore the narrative, characters an appeal of Series 4 Episode 1

The Narrative - 
Two Spy's, British show, 

The Characters - 

Mrs Peel, Mr Steed 

How the episode shows the social and cultural context - 

Audience appeal - 

The Action, women empowerment appeal,

USE IN GRATIFICATION 

Personal Identity 

Information 

Entertainment 

Social Interaction 

- Could identify and empathise with the upper-class role models.

Steed identify - role model - hero WW2, calm, collected + he wins.

Peel - female role model, brave, respected, attractive, 

- Could explore and / or reinforce their own views and values. 

Upperclass - steed + peel 

World of spies - Characters narrative. 

Reassure - don't worry spies protect the uk

- Could identify with the 'english Gent', Steed. Cool calm and unruffled. 

- Could identify with a tough, intelligent and equal female hero - emma peel. 

PASTICHE - A media product that imitates another product through visual style, media language or narrative

How does the avengers appeal to the audience?

The avengers appeals to the target audience because people can connect with the characters like mrs peel because she is portrayed as a role model primarily for women. It also is the camerawork and editing that helps her look more attractive and more badass in the series. Also it is a spy series with a lot of action which would make people want to watch it more because everyone loves action and violence.  

Monday 8th November 2021

The Avengers: The Town of No Return 

L/O- to analyse the influence of the social and historical contexts in Series 4 Ep 1

Major concerns of the 1960's 

- Cold War 

- Threat of nuclear war

- Threat of foreign invasion 

- Espionage  

Fifth columnists were a group of people who secretly support the enemy and undermine a country from within. 

The Ipcress File: Emma Peel/John Steed 

Thunderball: John Steed 

The spy who came in from the cold:

The War Game:

It Happened here:

The man from U.N.C.L.E:

Opening scene 

- Man arrives on beach out the sea in a binbag 

How was this shown in Episode 1?

Think about:

Characters & stereotypes 

Comedy 

Narrative 

Particular Scenes  

What others did you come up with?

- Cool calm response 

- Walking on child desks

- No panic just talking it through

- Humours scenes 

References to WW2 - The scene where Steed walks around the deserted airfield and doffs his hat to his reflection is a salute to all those involved in WW2 and reminds the audience that Britain triumphed.

Explain how social contexts influence television programmes. Refer to The Avengers from 1965 to support your answer

What social context is shown?

How is it shown in the scene?

How does it reflect social concerns/worries?

How does it reflect the audience?

In the avengers the social context that is shown is the cold war in the scene where steed an peel are cool calm and collected to imitate how the UK's spy's were at the time 

 

HOMEWORK:

Uses in gratification in a tv series 

MONEY HIEST 

Personally identify with characters in the movie such as Tokyo because she is a pro dominant character in the show and we also see more of her than anyone else because of the fact that she narrates the entire show 

Entertainment because it isn’t what you’d see everyday if your day to day life therefore a huge bank robbery heist is going to bring entertainment to the viewers 

It is in Spanish so if you are a Spanish viewer you can connect with them on a language basis 

You can connect with the relationships within the show and route for the for example the entire group of bank robbery’s are portrayed as the good people in the show and therefore you would want them to escape with all the money even though we know that when it comes to real life you’d always be against the robbery’s who are keeping people hostage

Social interaction makes it very easy to share and to talk about this shoe even if it is primarily a Spanish shoe because it is inclusive to all audiences and has it dubbed over in English, also you can listen to it with  subtitles on if you don’t understand 

Monday 22th November 2021

The Town Of No Return 

How was the stereotypical english seaside town represented in episode 1?

Non diegetic sound with close up shot is sinister 

diegetic sounds is silent (no one talking in the bar)

Each person look towards the outsiders (the people walking into the bar)

Lack of dialogue 

Old fashioned traditional pub from 1960's

Two women of career discussion their profession 

Country side stereotype (holding shotguns casually)

Jolly pub landlord (friendly) but also creepy ()

Identify key moments from episode 1 where Emma Peel is represented as either an ANTI-STEREOTYPE or as a REACTIONARY STEREOTYPE.

Example of EP as an anti-stereotype- she overpowers steed in the fencing match 

Example of EP as a reactionary stereotype- She is ordered by steed to leave immediately for a mission without warning.

In the 1960's, full employment had improved the standard of living and working class people could afford much more. Popular culture became something available to all. London was seen as the centre of exciting new trends in fashion art & music. 

How does MEDIA LANGUAGE used to show the attitudes and values of the 1960's?

In the episode we clearly see attitudes and values of the 1960's in the form of the fear of outsiders through media language. In the pub scene at the start the non diegetic sounds along with the close up create a sinister feel to the episode and make it feel quite eery. Along with that the diegetic sounds in the bar is completely silent, not one person in the bar is talking and there is no kind of background music (also no TVs as it is a very old fashioned pub and they're nothing like the pubs we have today). Also a final point towards sound is that when they were discussing things in the bar after they had sat down there was a non diegetic build up sound/music to create tension within that scene.

Another way media language was used in this episode is the camera work in the pub scene again, They use a variety of different camera shots to give us the emersiveness of this show and overall entertainment bringing more eyes to the show, along with that is also adds to the eeriness that they're creating with the pubs scene as a sudden close up of a facial expression.

Also the classic use of mise-en-scene, them being in an old British bar which is very traditional and not out of the ordinary at all, but the pub landlord/owner being very friendly and a bit creepy juxtaposes themselves confusion the audience and engaging them more in the text. alot the fact that it is in a traditional seaside beach

Also in this episode we can see attitudes and values again through editing, or the lack of editing. The addition of non diegetic sounds and quick cuts but staying in the same scene create suspence as there must be a reason as to why we are all being showed this part if the episode, therefore proving that it is something important and needs to be added to the episode.

Monday 29th November 2021 

Television in the 2010's

L/O: Research the 2010s (UK) in terms of social, crucial and political climate of the decade; research TV usage in 2015

Paris attacks of 2015, coordinated terrorist attacks that took place in paris on the evening of November 13, 2015. At least 130 people were killed and more than 350 were injured. A pair of Islamist militants armed with assault rifles burst into the magazine’s Paris offices and murdered 11 people, including editor Stéphane (“Charb”) Charbonnier. Over the following 48 hours, six more people were killed in attacks in and around Paris. These terrorist attacks created a scare all around the world.

The April 2015 Nepal earthquake (also known as the Gorkha earthquake) killed 8,964 people and injured 21,952 more. Hundreds of thousands of Nepalese were made homeless with entire villages flattened, across many districts of the country. Centuries-old buildings were destroyed at UNESCO

Monday 6th December 2021

Television Industry 2010's

How many channels are there available to watch FOR FREE on UK TV? 

80

What different ways are there to watch TV now? 

A TV, A phone, Games console, 

What would make you want to watch a new TV series?

Good reviews, good rating, good trailers 

What different methods do producers use to keep audience interested in a show?

Make it interesting, keep the show action filled, add suspense in the show 

Representation of personal life?

Diverse representation of sexuality, 

Representation of police life?

Uniform(identifiable ), filming arrest, Lack of respect for police, consequences of police work

Sound - 

non-diegetic(voiceover)(Music), Diegetic (Sirens)

Editing -  

fast paced editing(reveals lost of action), shown all main characters as the end(showing diversity)

MES -

Uniform(stereotype), Humour through the setting,

Camerawork -

High view of a police vans, Mid shot of a black and white men to show diversity,

Aired on October 2015 for family audiences at 8pm

Shows diversity 

fits modern post 2010 populist series format.

narrative  

The BBC is included to encourage competition for producing programmes, as part of its remit, so many programmes are produced by independent companies.

What production values would you expect from the BBC?

we would expect it to be diverse, including all types of races sexualities and genders, we would also expect it to be entertaining and easy to watch with family as a lot of the things they make are designed for a family audience.

The audiences would differ because one of them (The Avengers) was made in the 1960's where there was barely any TV on and if you wanted to watch something you had to watch it you had to watch it at 8pm whereas now if you wanted to watch cuffs you could watch it whenever you wanted and whoever with, so there is a lot more lenience when it comes to how the audiences differ.

Monday 13th December 2021

Police Generic Conventions 

- Sirens 

- police outfit

- office

- cop chase

- cop cars 

- fast pace editing 

- intense music

- shows men and women as equal as they are both wearing the police outfits

Life On Mars 

Sound - 

non diegetic music, diegetic sirens/brakes, dialogue, confrontational

Editing - 

Fast paced editing, 

Mise-En-Scene -

uniform, police cars, office, interview room, tape recorder, evidence being pulled out a bag, Old police cars, warrnet cards

Camerawork - 

Representations - 

Male dominance, female-lower rank, background, police vs an outside group, mental health negative  

Narrative - 

Investigate crime, personal lives-focus relationship

How are the generic conventions of a police drama shown in the extract?

Police dramas use mise en scene to establish generic conventions. This is shown in the extract through the use of police uniforms and police cars. The audience understand from this that it is very definitive who the police are and who the criminals are and who's side the audience is on also. Therefore mise-en-scene is a key element of police generic conventions.

Police dramas use mise en scene to establish generic conventions. This is shown in the extract through the use of lack of modern everyday police things that would happen in the early 200's compared to the 1970's. The audience understand from this that they are watching something from an older time and is very distinctive in the fact that you can easily tell who is the police and who is a criminal. 

Monday 10th January 2022

The Avengers: Extract analysis

Camerawork:

what could you be looking out for?

- shot types: long, mid, medium close up, extreme close up and close up shots 

- camera angles: low angle, high angle, canted angle, aerial shots 

- camera movement: tracking, steadicam or crane shots

The Canted angle (aka Dutch tilt, canted angle, or oblique angle) is a filmmaking technique that involves setting the camera at an angle and tilting the entire scene.

hand held cam shows us the intenseness of a fight and the fast paced movements all around the room. Mid and close up shots also show how up and close the fight is. used a tripod shot when the fight was over to show it has calmed down and the chaos has ended.

Monday 17th January 2022

What would you expect you expect to be set up in an opening episode? 

- Main Characters

- Storyline: episodic and individual/overarching 

- Setting 

- Overall tone/appeal 

Very diverse

Acknowledges mental health 

Police represented as hardworking, Disrespected by the public 

PC RYAN DRAPER - Confident, good at job - When he gets trusted by head police to be partners with jake vickers

Experienced - In the house raid he jumps to the task going against the racist man as a black police officer.

PC JAKE VICKERS - Afraid , Unready - Gives wrong road directions trying to catch the robbers

DS JO MOFFAT - Gets the job done, Leader - Also gets into scraps in the house

CHEIF SUPER ROBERT VICKERS - Leader, Family man - 

DC CARL CARL HAWKINS - Confident, not afraid to get hit - Gets stuck in in the house 

DI FELIX KANE - Good at his job, darker personal life - Goes to a brothel at the end 

PC DONNA PRAGER - Confident, Female and does it better than some men (counter stereotypes) - 

PC LINO MORETTI - Inferior but still good at what he does - 

Monday 24th January 2022

Propps Type - Cuffs Character - Reason Why                                    

The Hero - Draper - Because he is the cop that isn't scared of anything and arrests the criminals

The Villain - Chief Vickers - Has bad blood with the hero 

The Donor - Prager - 

The Helper - Jack Vickers - Helps Draper with his call outs arresting criminals 

The Princess - Arresting the criminal - Its the main objective for the hero

The Princess' Father - Police Officer In Charge At Station - The one in charge with the princess'

The Dispatcher - Moffat - 

The False Hero - Jake Vickers - Learning the ropes of being a police officer and tries to be hero too often

Cuffs Series 1 Episode 1 

L/O: To annotate the narratives and characters constructed in the opening episode.

People might identify with jake the best because he is new at his job and he is also a gay man. he also does not fall under gay stereotypes which may have made people believe he is heterosexual. People may also identify with Donna Prager because of her individuality as a women in the police scene, showing she is a strong young women who is doing well for herself and is highly respected in the police department. This shows us that there may be other women who are either in her position or are aspiring to be in her position 

People do not respect the police and abuse their powers towards them as their is nothing they can do but arrest them, so when Jake got spat on by the women in the street while she was also screaming out sexual assault. That shows very little respect towards police officers.

The Car Chase scene was very entertaining because of the camera work they used and the editing was put together well to make it even more interesting for the viewer overall. They used a wide range of different camera shots to show this car chase scene in the episode for example the wide shots where you can see one car go past them the police car trailing behind in one shot clearly shows us that this is a car chase and makes it easier for the viewer to know what is going on when there is such fast paced editing and quick change in camera shots. This makes it overall more entertaining for the viewers because the content is easier to digest. 

TV shows like cuffs can instigate convocations which lead to new relationships between co-workers, friends and family. 

Monday 31st January 2022

DS JO Moffat - She has important status as a detective, although it could be argued that this is undermined by her affair with her boss, Chief Superintendent Vickers. She is represented as weak when she hesitates about leading the press conference on the racist attack, but as strong during the police raid. Her status and power in the police reflect the number of women in positions of authority in 2015

PC Donna Prager - She is a strong character who is very experienced with what she does in the police department. She also counters sexist stereotypes by being a women and being high up in the department also almost bossing around a male police officer showing she is a strong independent women and countering stereotypes. 

How does Episode 1 of cuffs show a change in the social cultural context of British society in relation to gender? 

 

Monday 7th Feb 2022

A theme is a central topic, subject or message within a narrative.

What theme would you say it clear in the episode?

A stereotype is a widely held but fixed over simplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.

What stereotypes are present in the episode? 

An ideology is set of opinions or beliefs of a group or an individual. 

What ideology is therefore created/reinforced in this episode?

Theme

-

Racism 

-

E.g: Attack in the shop

-

Stereotype

-

Far right racists

-

Young, White, WC, Male, In shop attack

Ideology 

-

Racism exists + needs to be removed 

- 

Unprovoked attack + representation of kind vs evil 

- 

Worst of society still uphold racist ideologies 

Theme 

- 

Feminism 

Jake - 

Inexperienced - in car chase he gives the wrong directions. Despite having done all the training he has no experience actually being a police officer. 

Dedicated - hasn't given up despite being getting it wrong over and over again.

Monday 14th Feb 2022

Cuffs & Social Contexts 

 

L/O- To analyse representation and influence of social & cultural contexts in cuffs 

- Solicitor has power + respect 

Costume: suit: smart attire 

Interview with Jo Moffat: refuses to make his client help the police 

- Jake Vickers is a very likeable character which shows good representation of the LGBT characters, he slowly gains likability throughout the episode. 

Changing attitudes on multiculturalism

How can this be seen in the episode?

 

In the scene where the robbers with a forklift rob the newsagents we see that there are 2 police officers nearby to call for backup and one of them is wearing a hijab, this shows power within the muslim community and her not caring that they all have some sort of weapons and she shows bravery openly calling for backup despite being told not to by one of the robbers with a bat.

Ethnic minority characters - Dedicated - Prager/Morretti/Draper, when they were training after their work had already finished but they continued to train after hours - This shows that they are hard working, want to contribute to the community, make the place safer and that they give up their free time to do so 

White Characters - Powerful/Learning - Jo Moffat/Jake Vickers - from when jake gave wrong directions in the car chase to punching the racist i the face causing his arrest.

Older generation, more complicated personal life, more responsibilities, Felix Kane, Brothel at the end of the episode 

Younger generation seem to be more attractive, physically fit and energetic

Youth associated with inexperience age and experience 

Youth police officers - Naive, Fit, Dedicated, Risk takers - in the house raid the people who get themselves in a problem is ryan and jake who are both part of the younger generation, 

Monday 7th March2022

- Gender - 

- Age - 

- Sexuality - It is accepted within the show 

- Ethnicity - 

- Attitudes towards the police -

Sexuality demonstrates the change in social and cultural context through the portrayal of LBGT characters and homosexuality as Jake Vickers is very open with his sexuality and that is very accepted within the police force. Also the fact that he mentions it without any worry and question shows change is social and cultural context.

Analysing an extract 

Media language - 

- Camerawork

- Soundtrack

- Editing 

- Mise-en-scene

How does sound create meaning?

Instrumental - Non Diegetic, Parallel sound, Fisherman knife - more intense music.

Sound is used to create meaning through the instrumental, the non diegetic sound of the sinister yet calm music we can hear but the actors playing the role cannot builds slight suspicion of the man that has just climbed out of the ocean.

Monday 14th March 2022 

Extract analysis

Media Language: 

- Camerawork

- Mise en scene

- Editing 

- Sound 

Mise en Scene- 

high-key lighting &low-key lighting 

location / set

costume and makeup 

props 

casting and performance style 

blocking 

Expressions - cold vs upbeat happy 

lowkey lighting - reflects storm wood + tension 

Setting - empty - lack of friendship community 

Pub - Darts, villages -> danger, hostility, not trustworthy

- shot / reverse shot 

-juxtaposition 

- non-continuity editing

- crosscutting 

-fast paced editing

-transitions

- post protection editing 

____________________

- music

- diegetic/non diegetic sound

- sound effects 

- sound bridge 

- voice over 

-parallel

- contrapuntal sound 

Question 1 TV Drama - 

Target 1 - Focus on Mise en scene e.g. lighting, facial expressions, props and connections, costume and connotations, settings and connotations. On or more examples

Question 2 TV Drama 

Target 3 - Explain the impact of the media language choices e.g. what impact does fast paced editing have? What impact do the camera shots or sound have on suspense?  

Question 3 TV Drama 

Target 2 - Give 2 or more of the theoretical framework. (representation, media, language, audience, industry)

Target 1 - Make a clear judgement at the beginning and the end, does it challenge traditional representations of gender or not 

Question 5 TV Drama 

Target 2 - Explain knowledge of the context that is relevant in more detail and the influence on the media product. Cover the context issues.

Target 3 - Explain in more detail how the context is reflected in Cuffs. Specific examples of issues shown in Cuffs

Monday 23rd may 2022

Exam Preparation REVISION 

Questions 1-3 avengers extract 

Q1

Approximately 1minute per mark 

Must have 2 examples for media language question 1

Sound - Dialogue, Music, Volume,  Diegetic & Non-diegetic 

Worth 5 marks 

Q2

Have to make a judgement

Must have 3 examples 

Must analyse the effect and meaning of the examples 

Worth 10 marks

Need to look at all the media language (editing, camerawork, sound, MES) 

Need a conclusion sentence to round off the answer

Q3     

Must have 3 examples

Have to make a judgement 

Must have a concluding sentence or two

Analyse and explain each example

Worth 15 marks 

Q4

Q5

Differences between 1965 and 2015 

Worth 10 marks

Can talk about ethnic backgrounds of both the shows (Avengers all white, Cuffs a various mix)

Racial Problems in 1960's

Kennedy elected and assassinated in 1960's